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Mark Andrew Spitz (born February 10, 1950) is an American former competition swimmer, nine-time Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in seven events. He won seven gold medals at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, an achievement surpassed only by Michael Phelps, who won eight golds at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. Spitz set new world records in all seven events in which he competed in 1972, an achievement that still stands. Since the year 1900, no other swimmer has gained so great a percentage of all the medals awarded for Olympic events held in a single Games. Between 1968 and 1972, Spitz won nine Olympic golds plus a silver and a bronze, five Pan American golds, 31 Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) titles, and eight National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) titles. During those years, he set 35 world records, but two were in trials and unofficial.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=www.indiana.edu )〕 With his seven-gold medal performance at Munich in 1972, he was the most decorated athlete in the history of the Olympic Games until Michael Phelp's eight gold medal performance at Beijing 36 years later in 2008. He was named World Swimmer of the Year in 1969, 1971 and 1972 by ''Swimming World Magazine''. He was the third athlete to win nine Olympic gold medals. ==Early life== Spitz was born in Modesto, California, the first of three children〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jewish Virtual Library. ',Spitz', )〕 of Arnold and Lenore (Smith) Spitz. His family is Jewish, the grandparents left Hungary after World War II.〔〔Lajos, Szabó (January 2010) (What are the reasons for the success of so many Hungarian Jewish Athletes ). kaleidoscopehistory.hu〕 When he was two years old, Spitz's family moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, where he swam at Waikiki beach every day. "You should have seen that little boy dash into the ocean. He'd run like he was trying to commit suicide." Lenore Spitz told a reporter for ''Time'' (April 12, 1968).〔 At age six his family returned to Sacramento, California, and he began to compete at his local swim club. At age nine, he was training at Arden Hills Swim Club in Sacramento with swimming coach Sherm Chavoor, who mentored seven Olympic medal winners including Spitz. Before he was 10, Spitz held 17 national age-group records, and one world record. At 14 his family moved to Santa Clara so Spitz could train with coach George F. Haines of the Santa Clara Swim Club. From 1964 to 1968 Mark trained with Haines at SCHS and Santa Clara High School. During his four years there, Mark held national high school records in every stroke and in every distance . In 1966 at age 16 he won the 100-meter butterfly at the AAU national championships, the first of his 24 AAU titles. The following year Mark set his first world record at a small California meet in the 400-meter freestyle with a time of 4:10.60, and emerged on the world swimming stage. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mark Spitz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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